Python 3 Operators
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Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
Python divides the operators in the following groups:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
- Identity operators
- Membership operators
- Bitwise operators
Python Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:
| Operator | Name | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | x + y | |
| - | Subtraction | x - y | |
| * | Multiplication | x * y | |
| / | Division | x / y | |
| % | Modulus | x % y | |
| ** | Exponentiation | x ** y | |
| // | Floor division | x // y |
Python Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:
| Operator | Example | Same As | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| = | x = 5 | x = 5 | |
| += | x += 3 | x = x + 3 | |
| -= | x -= 3 | x = x - 3 | |
| *= | x *= 3 | x = x * 3 | |
| /= | x /= 3 | x = x / 3 | |
| %= | x %= 3 | x = x % 3 | |
| //= | x //= 3 | x = x // 3 | |
| **= | x **= 3 | x = x ** 3 | |
| &= | x &= 3 | x = x & 3 | |
| |= | x |= 3 | x = x | 3 | |
| ^= | x ^= 3 | x = x ^ 3 | |
| >>= | x >>= 3 | x = x >> 3 | |
| <<= | x <<= 3 | x = x << 3 |
Python Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values:
| Operator | Name | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | x == y | |
| != | Not equal | x != y | |
| > | Greater than | x > y | |
| < | Less than | x < y | |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | x >= y | |
| <= | Less than or equal to | x <= y |
Python Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:
| Operator | Description | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | Returns True if both statements are true | x < 5 and x < 10 | |
| or | Returns True if one of the statements is true | x < 5 or x < 4 | |
| not | Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true | not(x < 5 and x < 10) |
Python Identity Operators
Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:
| Operator | Description | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| is | Returns True if both variables are the same object | x is y | |
| is not | Returns True if both variables are not the same object | x is not y |
Python Membership Operators
Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:
| Operator | Description | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| in | Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object | x in y | |
| not in | Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object | x not in y |
Python Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| & | AND | Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 |
| | | OR | Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1 |
| ^ | XOR | Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 |
| ~ | NOT | Inverts all the bits |
| << | Zero fill left shift | Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off |
| >> | Signed right shift | Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off |
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